CPU

1.数据传送指令[Top]

1.1、传送指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
MOV reg,reg	mov bp,sp	1
MOV mem,reg	mov array[di],bx	1
MOV reg,mem	mov bx,pointer	1
MOV mem,immed	mov [bx],15	1
MOV reg,immed	mov cx,256	1
MOV mem,accum	mov total,ax	1
MOV accum,mem	mov al,string	1
MOV segreg,reg16	mov ds,ax	2, 3
MOV segreg,mem16	mov es,psp	2, 3
MOV reg16,segreg	mov ax,ds	1
MOV mem16,segreg	mov stack_save,ss	1
MOV reg32,controlreg	mov eax,cr0	22
	mov eax,cr2	12
	mov eax,cr3	21, 46
	mov eax,cr4	14
MOV controlreg,reg32	mov cr0,eax	4
MOV reg32,debugreg	mov edx,dr0	DR0-DR3, DR6,DR7=11
		DR4,DR5=12
MOV debugreg,reg32	mov dr0,ecx	DR0-DR3,
		DR4,DR5=12 DR6,DR7=11

1.2、传送-填充指令[Top]

MOVSX reg,reg	movsx bx,al	3
MOVSX reg,mem	movsx eax,bsign	3
MOVZX reg,reg	movzx bx,al	3
MOVZX reg,mem	movzx eax,bunsign	3

1.3、交换指令[Top]

XCHG reg,reg	xchg cx,dx	3
XCHG reg,mem	xchg bx,pointer	3
XCHG mem,reg	xchg [bx],ax	3
XCHG accum,reg	xchg ax,cx	2
XCHG reg,accum	xchg cx,ax	2

1.4、取段地址和有效地址指令[Top]

LDS reg,mem	lds si,fpointer	4
LES reg,mem	les di,fpointer	4
LFS reg,mem	lfs edi,fpointer	4
LGS reg,mem	lgs bx,fpointer	4
LSS reg,mem	lss bp, fpointer	4, pm=8
LEA reg,mem	lea bx,npointer	1

1.5、进栈指令[Top]

PUSH reg	push dx	1
PUSH mem	push [di]	2
PUSH segreg	push es	1
PUSH immed	push 15000	1
PUSHA	pusha	5
PUSHAD	pushad	5
PUSHF	pushf	4, pm=3
PUSHFD	pushfd	4, pm=3

1.6、出栈指令[Top]

POP reg	pop cx	1
POP mem	pop param	3
POP segreg	pop es	3
POPA	popa	5
POPAD	popad	5
POPF	popf	6, pm=4
POPFD	popfd	6, pm=4

1.7、转换指令[Top]

XLAT [[segreg:]mem]	xlat	4
XLATB [[segreg:]mem]	xlatb es:table	4

1.8、输入指令[Top]

IN accum,immed	in ax,60h	7, pm=4,21*(注), vm=19
IN accum,DX	in ax,dx	7, pm=4,21*, vm=19
INS [ES:]dest, DX	ins es:instr,dx	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSB	Insb	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSW	Insw	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSD	Insd	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22

注：当CPL≤IOPL时，执行时间是第一个时钟周期，否则是第二个时钟周期。

1.9、输出指令[Top]

OUT immed8,accum	out 60h,al	12, pm=9,26, VM=24
OUT DX,accum	out dx,ax	12, pm=9,25, VM=24
OUTS DX,[segreg:]src	outs dx,buffer	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSB [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsb	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSW [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsw	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSD [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsd	13, pm=10,27, VM=24

2.标志位操作指令[Top]

2.1、标志位操作指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
CLC	clc	2
CMC	cmc	2
STC	stc	2
CLD	cld	2
STD	std	2
CLI	cli	7
STI	sti	7

2.2、标志位存取操作指令[Top]

SAHF	Sahf	2
LAHF	lahf	2

2.3、标志位堆栈操作指令[Top]

PUSHF	pushf	4, pm=3
PUSHFD	pushfd	4, pm=3
POPF	popf	6, pm=4
POPFD	popfd	6, pm=4

3.算术运算指令[Top]

3.1、加法指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
ADC reg,reg	adc dx,cx	1
ADC mem,reg	adc word ptr m16[2],dx	3
ADC reg,mem	adc dx,dword ptr m32[2]	2
ADD reg,reg	add ax,bx	1
ADD mem,reg	add total, cx	3
ADD reg,mem	add cx,incr	2
ADD reg,immed	add bx,6	1
ADD mem,immed	add pointers[bx][si],6	3
ADD accum,immed	add ax,10	1
INC reg	inc bx	1
INC mem	inc vpage	3
XADD reg,reg	xadd dl,al	3
XADD mem,reg	xadd string,bl	4

3.2、减法指令[Top]

SUB reg,reg	sub ax,bx	1
SUB mem,reg	sub array[di],bi	3
SUB reg,mem	sub al,[bx]	2
SUB reg,immed	sub bl,7	1
SUB mem,immed	sub total,4000	3
SUB accum,immed	sub ax,32000	1
SBB accum,immed	sbb ax,320	1
SBB reg,immed	sbb dx,45	1
SBB mem,immed	sbb word ptr m32[2],40	3
SBB reg,reg	sbb dx,cx	1
SBB mem,reg	sbb word ptr m32[2],dx	3
SBB reg,mem	sbb dx,word ptr m32[2]	2
DEC reg	dec ax	1
DEC mem	dec counter	3
NEG reg	neg ax	1
NEG mem	neg balance	3

3.3、乘法指令[Top]

MUL reg	mul bx
MUL memX	mul word ptr [bx]	8,16-bit=11
		32-bit=10
IMUL reg	imul dx	11
IMUL mem	imul factor	11
IMUL reg,immed	imul cx,25	10
IMUL reg,reg,immed	imul dx,ax,18	10
IMUL reg,mem,immed	imul bx,[si],60	10
IMUL reg,reg	imul cx,ax	10
IMUL reg,mem	imul dx,[si]	10

3.4、除法指令[Top]

DIV reg	div cx	byte=17 word=25
DIV mem	div [bx]	dword=41
IDIV reg	idiv dl	8-bit=22;16-bit=30
IDIV mem	idiv itemp	32-bit=46

3.5、类型转换指令[Top]

CBW	cbw	3
CWD	cwd	2
CWDE	cwde	3
CDQ	cdq	2

4.逻辑运算指令[Top]

4.1、逻辑与操作指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
AND reg,reg	and dx,bx	1
AND mem,reg	and bitmask,bx	3
AND reg,mem	and bx,masker	2
AND reg,immed	and dx,0F7h	1
AND mem,immed	and masker,100lb	3
AND accum,immed	and ax,0B6h	1

4.2、逻辑与操作指令[Top]

OR reg,reg	or ax,dx	1
OR mem,reg	or bits,dx	3
OR reg,mem	or dx,color[di]	2
OR reg,immed	or dx,110110b	1
OR mem,immed	or flag_rec,8	3
OR accum,immed	or ax,40h	1

4.3、逻辑与操作指令[Top]

NOT reg	not ax	1
NOT mem	not masker	3

4.4、逻辑异或操作指令[Top]

XOR reg,reg	xor cx,bx	1
XOR mem,reg	xor [bp+10],cx	3
XOR reg,immed	xor bl,1	1
XOR mem,immed	xor switches[bx],101b	3
XOR accum,immed	xor ax,01010101b	1

5.移位操作指令[Top]

5.1、算术左移指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
SAL reg,1	sal bx,1	1
SAL mem,1	sal word ptr m32[0],1	3
SAL reg,CL	sal ah,cl	4
SAL mem,CL	sal BYTE PTR [di],cl	4
SAL reg,immed	sal cx,6	1
SAL mem,immed	sal array[bx+di],14	3

5.2、算术右移指令[Top]

SAR reg,1	sar di,1	1
SAR mem,1	sar count,1	3
SAR reg,CL	sar bx,cl	4
SAR mem,CL	sar sign,cl	4
SAR reg,immed	sar bx,5	1
SAR mem,immed	sar sign_count,3	3

5.3、逻辑左移指令[Top]

SHL reg,1	shl si,1	1
SHL mem,1	shl index,1	3
SHL reg,CL	shl di,cl	4
SHL mem,CL	shl index,cl	4
SHL reg,immed	shl di,2	1
SHL mem,immed	shl unsign,4	3

5.4、逻辑右移指令[Top]

SHR reg,1	shr dh,1	1
SHR mem,1	shr unsign[di],1	3
SHR reg,CL	shr dx,cl	4
SHR mem,CL	shr word ptr m32[2],cl	4
SHR reg,immed	shr bx,8	1
SHR mem,immed	shr mem16,11	3

5.5、双精度左移指令[Top]

SHLD reg16,reg16,immed8	shld ax,dx,10	4
SHLD reg32,reg32,immed8
SHLD mem16,reg16,immed8	shld bits,cx,5	4
SHLD mem32,reg32,immed8
SHLD reg16,reg16,CL	shld ax,dx,cl	4
SHLD reg32,reg32,CL
SHLD mem16,reg16,CL	shld masker,ax,cl	5
SHLD mem32,reg32,CL

5.6、双精度右移指令[Top]

SHRD reg16,reg16,immed8	shrd cx,si,3	4
SHRD reg32,reg32,immed8
SHRD mem16,reg16,immed8	shrd [di],dx,5	4
SHRD mem32,reg32,immed8
SHRD reg16,reg16,CL	shrd ax,dx,cl	4
SHRD reg32,reg32,CL
SHRD mem16,reg16,CL	shrd [bx],ax,cl	5
SHRD mem32,reg32,CL

6.位操作指令[Top]

6.1、正向位扫描指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
BSF reg16,reg16	bsf cx,bx	6-34
BSF reg32,reg32	bsf cx,bx	6-42
BSF reg16,mem16	bsf ecx,bitmask	6-35
BSF reg32,mem32	bsf ecx,bitmask	6-43

6.2、正向位扫描指令[Top]

BSR reg16,reg16	bsr cx,dx	7-39
BSR reg32,reg32	bsr ecx, edx	7-71
BSR reg16,mem16	bsr ax,bitmask	7-40
BSR reg32,mem32	bsr eax,bitmask	7-72

6.3、正向位扫描指令[Top]

BT reg16,immed8*(注)	bt ax,4	4
BT mem16,immed8	bt [bx],4	4
BT reg16,reg16	bt ax,bx	4
BT mem16,reg16	bt [bx],dx	9

(注) 操作数也可以是32位数。

6.4、正向位扫描指令[Top]

BTC reg16,immed8*	btc edi,4	7
BTC mem16,immed8*	btc color[di],4	8
BTC reg16,reg16*	btc eax,ebx	7
BTC mem16,reg16*	btc [bp+8],si	13

6.5、正向位扫描指令[Top]

BTR reg16,immed8*	btr bx,17	7
BTR mem16,immed8*	btr [bx],27	8
BTR reg16,reg16*	btr cx,di	7
BTR mem16,reg16*	btr rotate,cx	13

6.6、正向位扫描指令[Top]

BTS reg16,immed8*	bts ax,4	7
BTS mem16,immed8*	bts maskit,4	8
BTS reg16,reg16*	bts bx,ax	7
BTS mem16,reg16*	bts flags[bx],cx	13

6.7、正向位扫描指令[Top]

TEST reg,reg	test dx,bx	1
TEST mem,reg	test flags,dx	2
TEST reg,immed	test cx,30h	1
TEST mem,immed	test masker,1	2
TEST accum,immed	test ax,90h	1

7.比较运算指令[Top]

7.1、比较指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
CMP reg,reg	cmp dl,cl	1
CMP mem,reg	cmp array[si],bl	2
CMP reg,mem	cmp bh,array[si]	2
CMP reg,immed	cmp bx,24	1
CMP mem,immed	cmp tester,4000	2
CMP accum,immed	cmp ax,1000	1

7.2、比较交换指令[Top]

CMPXCHG mem,reg	cmpxchg string,bl	6
CMPXCHG reg,reg	cmpxchg bx,cx	6
CMPXCHG8B reg,mem64	cmpxchg8b ax,[bx]	10

8.循环指令[Top]

8.1、循环指令[Top]

LOOP label	loop wend	5, 6
LOOPE label	loope again	7, 8
LOOPZ label	loopz again	7, 8
LOOPNE label	loopne for_next	7, 8
LOOPNZ label	loopnz for_next	7, 8

8.2、循环指令[Top]

JCXZ label	jcxz notfound	6,5
JECXZ label	jecxz notfound	6,5

9.转移指令[Top]

9.1、无条件转移指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
JMP label	jmp NEAR PTR distant	1
	jmp distant	3
JMP reg16	jmp ax	2
JMP mem16	jmp table[di]	2
JMP reg32	jmp eax	3
JMP mem32	jmp fpointer[si]	2
JMP mem48	jmp FWORD PTR [di]	4

9.2、条件转移指令[Top]

Jcondition label

je next

1

9.3、子程序调用指令[Top]

CALL label	call upcase	1
	call distant	4
CALL reg	call ax	2
CALL mem32	call [bx]	2
CALL mem32	call dword ptr [bx]	5

9.4、子程序返回指令[Top]

RETN	retn	2
RETN immed16	retn 8	3
RETF	retf	4, 23
RETF immed16	retf 32	4, 23

9.5、中断指令[Top]

INT immed8	int 25h	16, pm=31, 48*(注)
INT 3	int 3	13, pm=27, 44*
INTO	Into	13, pm=27, 44*

注：第一时间是同等优先级的中断时间，第二时间为高优先级的中断时间。

9.6、中断返回指令[Top]

IRET	Iret	8*(注),10, pm=27
IRETD	Iretd	10, pm=27
IRETF	Iretf
IRETDF	Iretdf

注：实方式或虚拟8086方式。

10.条件设置字节指令[Top]

SETcondition reg8	setc dh	1
SETcondition mem8	setle flag	2

11.字符串操作指令[Top]

11.1、取字符串数据指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
LODS [segreg:]src	lods es:source	2
LODSB [[segreg:]src]	Lodsb	2
LODSW [[segreg:]src]	Lodsw	2
LODSD [[segreg:]src]	Lodsd	2

11.2、置字符串数据指令[Top]

STOS [ES:]dest	stor es:dstring	3
STOSB [[ES:]dest]	stosb	3
STOSW [[ES:]dest]	stosw	3
STOSD [[ES:]dest]	stosd	3

11.3、字符串传送指令[Top]

MOVS [es:]dest, [segreg:]src	movs dest,es:source	4
MOVSB [[es:]dest, [segreg:]src]	movsb	4
MOVSW [[es:]dest, [segreg:]src]	movsw	4
MOVSD [[es:]dest, [segreg:]src]	movsd	4

11.4、输入字符串指令[Top]

INS [ES:]dest, DX	ins es:instr,dx	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSB	Insb	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSW	Insw	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22
INSD	Insd	9, pm=6,24*, vm=22

11.5、输出字符串指令[Top]

OUTS DX,[segreg:]src	outs dx,buffer	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSB [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsb	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSW [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsw	13, pm=10,27, VM=24
OUTSD [DX,[segreg:]src]	outsd	13, pm=10,27, VM=24

11.6、字符串比较指令[Top]

CMPS [segreg:] src, [ES:]dest	cmps source,es:dest	5
CMPSB [[segreg:[src,] ES:] dest]	cmpsb	5
CMPSW [[segreg:[src,] ES:]dest]	cmpsw	5
CMPSD [[segreg:[src,] ES:] dest]	cmpsd	5

11.7、字符串扫描指令[Top]

SCAS [ES]:dest	scas es:destin	4
SCASB	Scasb	4
SCASW	Scasw	4
SCASD	Scasd	4

11.8、重复前缀指令[Top]

REP INS dest,DX	rep ins dest,dx	11+3n, pm=(8,25)+3n*
REP MOVS dest,src	rep movs dest,source	6, 13n
REP OUTS DX,src	rep outs dx,source	13+4n, pm=(10,27)+4n*
REP LODS dest	rep lods dest	7, 7+3n
REP STOS dest	rep stos dest	6, 9+3n

注：当CPL≤IOPL时，执行时间是第一个时钟周期，否则是第二个时钟周期。

11.9、相等重复前缀指令[Top]

REPE CMPS src,dest	repe cmps src,dest	7, 9+4n
REPE SCAS dest	repe scas dest	7, 9+4n

11.10、不相等重复前缀指令[Top]

REPNE CMPS src,dest	repne cmps src,dest	7, 8+4n
REPNE SCAS dest	repne scas dest	7, 9+4n

12.ASCII-BCD码运算调整指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
AAA	aaa	3
AAD	aad	10
AAM	aam	18
AAS	aas	3
DAA	daa	3
DAS	das	3

13.处理器指令[Top]

HLT	Hlt	12
NOP	nop	1
WAIT	wait	1
LOCK	lock	1

14.协处理器指令[Top]

指令的语法	举例	周期数
FBLD membcd	fbld packbck	48-58
FBSTP membcd	fbstp bcds[bx]	148-154
FLD reg	fld st(3)	1
FLD mem32real	fld longreal	1
FLD mem64real		1
FLD mem80real		3
FST reg	fst st	1
FST memreal	fst longs[bx]	2
FSTP reg	fstp st(3)	1
FSTP em32real	fstp longreal	2
FSTP em64real		2
FSTP em80real		3
FXCH [reg]	fxchg st(3)	1
FILD memint	fild quads[si]	3, 1
FIST memint	fist doubles[8]	6
FISTP memint	fistp longint	6